2 months old

• Can briefly raise head and turn it from side to side.

• Kicks legs for brief periods.

• Grasps objects in hands as a reflex action or brings hands to mouth.

• Gets excited when recognises somebody, and likes to smile.

4 months old

• Raises head 90° and supports body on forearms when lying on tummy.

• Back is firm and neck straight when held in a sitting position.

• Starts to reach for objects but cannot yet grasp at own will.

• Follows a moving object with eyes and recognises own name.

6 months old

• Lifting head and shoulders to try and sit up and can roll from tummy to back.

• Tends to pass objects from one hand to another and grasps at own will.

• Likes to bang hands against a table.

• Starts to sit without support and bounces when held in a standing position.

• Responds to "no", peek-a-boo games and knows familiar faces.

8 months old

• Starts to crawl by using sailing movements and sits up from lying on back.

• Picks up objects with thumb and index finger and claps hands.

• Enjoys casting objects on the floor or hitting them against each other.

• Might pull into standing position against objects.

• Very attached to mother.

• can wave "bye-bye" and likes to look at pictures for up to a minute.

10 months old

• Can crawl sufficiently and also move from lying down to sitting up on own.

• Finds objects, knowing where they were put away.

• Holds cup while drinking and eats finger foods like biscuits.

• Pulls at people's clothes to attract their attention.

12 months old

• Can crawl up stairs and puts everythin​g in mouth.

• Points to objects with index finger.

• Can walk when held by the hand and starts to walk independently.

• Although messy, feeds independently with a spoon.

• Able to pull off socks.

15 months old

• Walks alone and stands up from sitting.

• Holds a crayon with all fingers and copies scribbling patterns or lines.

• Turns pages of a book (several at a time) and puts lids back on containers.

• Responds to simple commands i.e. "Fetch the ball".

• Can identify 1 object correctly when given a choice of 3 objects.

• When eating with a spoon, tends to turn it upside down and lick it.

• Aware of a dirty/wet nappy and can indicate discomfort to parent.

18 months old

• Can squat to pick up objects from the floor, stand up and walk further.

• When running, legs are wide apart and falls often.

• Can push a ball along with a foot without losing balance.

• Can catch a ball if thrown directly into arms.

• Has mood swings.

• ​Seems very interested in own image in a mirror.

24 months old

• Can take a few steps backwards, starts to ride a tricycle.

• Can run fast, rhythmically and change direction easily.

• Can walk up-and-down stairs holding onto a rail and jumps down a step.

• When drawing, uses lines and circular patterns.

• Can leaf through a book, page by page.

• Able to group objects of the same colour or the same type together (e.g. dogs, cats)

• Has a strong will; uses "mine" a lot.

• Understands time i.e. dinnertime, bedtime and lunchtime.

• Asks for water of food when hungry or thirsty and feeds with a fork.​

• can put his/her jacket or trousers on.

uses hands and fingers for day-to-day task

• Starts to colour and draws lines and circles.

• Manages to cut paper into pieces, but struggles to stay on a straight line.

• Can build a tower with 10 blocks stacked up on top of each other.

• Threads at least 6 big beads onto shoelace.

• Can make round balls with clay and also roll snakes if shown how to.

intellectual development

• Name 8-10 different parts of the body.

• Draw a man with 4 different body parts.

• Show own age with fingers and can count up to 5.

• Build puzzles with 3-10 pieces.

• Name positions like behind, in front of, next to, under and on.

uses large muscles in the body

• Can walk forwards, backwards and sideways.

• Is able to walk heel-toe and up-and-down stairs with good balance.

• Can ride tricycle.

• Jumps forward with 2 feet simultaneously. Feet may be apart and barely leave the floor.

• Stands on one leg for a few seconds.

• Can catch a big ball, holding arms out straight waiting for the ball and then catching it against chest.

• Runs and kicks a ball hard, without losing balance. 

uses hands and fingers for day-to-day task

• Can button and unbutton clothing.

• Can cut out and paste simple shapes.

• Builds a tower of 10 or more cubes and threads small beads on a lace.

• Holds and uses a pencil in adult fashion.

uses large muscles in body

• Can walk in a straight line.

• Goes up-and-down stairs 1 foot per step.

• Hops on 1 foot.

• Can pedal and steer a tricycle confidently.

• Can stand, walk and run on tiptoes.

• Enjoys climbing trees and on frames.

• Can run up and down stairs and make sharp turns easily.

• Balances on one foot and jumps down from a step.

Can also

• Count up to 10.

• Put together 12 piece puzzles.

• Copy a cross, print a few letters and draw a simple house.

• Draw a person with a head, trunk and legs.

• Stand behind, inside, on, next to, under and in front of an object.

• ​Identify a circle, square, triangle, star and moon.​

• Name four different colours.

Can perform fine-motor tasks...

• Easily dresses and undresses.

• Competently uses a knife and fork may still need to have meat cut up.

• ​Forms letters and writes own name, good control over pencils and paintbrushes.

• Colours pictures neatly and cuts out shapes using scissors quite accurately.

• May be able to thread a large-eyed needle and sew with large stitches.

• Can copy four-step models using blocks.

...and also 

• Skips with rope, runs quickly and is able to avoid obstacles.

• Is able to use a variety of large equipment (e.g. swings and slides) confidently.

• Throws, bounces and catches a ball and also hits a ball with a bat or stick.

• Shows good co-ordination playing ball games.

• Climbs confidently and dances rhythmically to music.

• Shows good balance, can stand on 1 foot for about 10 seconds and may ride a bike without stabilisers.

• Can hop 2-3m on each foot separately.

Intellectual Development

• At least complete a 25-piece puzzle.

• Draw a person with a head, body, legs, nose, mouth and eyes.

• Draw a recognisable picture of trees, houses, people and animals.

• Count up to 13 and name 6 different colours.

• Name a circle, square, triangle, rectangle, star, cross, moon, oval and diamond.

Fine Motor skills

• Can build a tower of blocks that is virtually straight.

• Is able to sew stitches.

• Cuts accurately and neatly around curves.

• Handwriting is evenly spaced.

• Drawings are detailed and representative.

• Makes a simple sandwich.

• Ties and unties shoelaces.

• Can hold a pencil in grip, similar to an adult (the dynamic tripod grip).

• Able to write a number of letters of similar size and writes number's 1-10

• Can write his/her last name as well as his/her first name.

Gross Motor skills

• Runs fast, chases and dodges others.

• Rides a bicycle without stabilisers.

• Hops, skips and jumps confidently.

• Plays ball games and starts to catch a tennis ball.

• Balances on a beam or wall; gaining control in both strength and agility.

• Can balance for 19 seconds on 1 leg.

• Can skip in time to music, alternating the feet.

Intellectual Development

• Names all 2 dimensional shapes and all the different colours.

• Counts up to 30 an can count 20 different objects.

• Names left and right sides of own body and able to tell own birthday.

• Can follow 3-4 instructions given at once.

• Concentrates for at least 30 minutes on table activities.